Elder futhark rune list4/17/2024 The Old Norse people, residing in present-day Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and parts of Germany and the Netherlands, used it extensively. the Elder Futhark runes in useįrom the 2nd to the 8th centuries AD, the early medieval period saw widespread use of the Elder Futhark. One system didn’t supplant another overnight, but it was a process spanning centuries. The Latin alphabet eventually replaced all of the older runic alphabets in Europe, although some of the runic traditions and symbols have been preserved in modern times.Īs these writing systems developed it is worth mentioning that there was considerable overlap both in time and area. The Gothic runes fell out of use after the 6th century, as the Goths adopted the Latin alphabet. The kingdom and other parts of Europe where the Goths had established their presence used the Gothic runes. Scholars believe that it derived from the Greek alphabet, and it includes 27 letters.Īfter the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Goths established their own kingdom in what is now modern-day Italy. The Goths, an East Germanic people, used this runic alphabet, which bears a lot of similarities with the Elder Futhark. The Gothic runes represent another runic system. The Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, with its 33 letters, primarily served to write Old English. The Anglo-Saxons in England used one such system, the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, from around the 5th to 11th centuries. ClaesWallin, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons The fewer characters also saves time writing, and quite frankly, looks better! This represents the name of the god Yngvi, which may have been the original name of Freyr. 'NG' as in rowi(ng) has it's own, single symbol in runic, Ingwaz. The sound would be something like the 'Y' in (y)ear. We use the letter 'J' or the rune 'Jera' to represent 'J' and 'Y'. For words with an alternative 'C' sound like ra(c)e or (c)ease, it may be more accurate to substitute 'S' for 'C' in your translation. It may also have been used for a 'CH' sound. ![]() For simplicity we use the letter Kaunan to represent all modern 'C' letter translations. For example the 'K' in (k)art or the 'C' in (c)art. The letter 'C' in Elder Futhark is the same as 'K'. We are by no means experts in runic translation but through research we have tried to make the most accurate translation model possible! Our translation alogrithm makes some changes to better match the correct runes for modern sounds. That is because runes independently influenced anglo-saxon letters and were also originally derived from old Italic and Greek alphabets. You will notice many letters are very similar to modern english. ![]() Later rune alphabets exist using the Younger Futhark and Anglo-Saxon Futhark alphabets. It can commonly be found on inscribed items made by the northern Germanic tribes between the 2nd and 8th centuries. We use the original Elder Futhark alphabet, also known as Older Futhark or Germanic Futhark which is the oldest form of written runes. ![]() Is a good approximation of the sounds usings the original runic letters. ![]() Although there are some differencesīetween the sounds made by the letters and the way they are combined in each language, hopefully our tool Our translation tool allows you to make rune symbol combinations which would sound similar to
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